Helloween / Master Of The Rings: Expanded Edition Жанр: Heavy Metal Страна-производитель диска: UK Год издания диска: 2006 Дата выхода оригинального издания: 1994 Тип издания: 2 × CD, Album, Reissue, Remastered Издатель (лейбл): Castle Music Каталожный номер: CMQDD1313 Аудиокодек: FLAC (*.flac) Тип рипа: tracks+.cue Продолжительность: 50:19+34:41 Источник (релизер): Собственный рип диска из коллекции inotuh Наличие сканов в содержимом раздачи: Да Master of the Rings — шестой студийный альбом немецкой пауэр-метал-группы Helloween, изданный в 1994 году.
Master of the Rings стал поворотным моментом в творчестве Helloween. Предыдущий альбом группы, Chameleon, записанный в стиле прог-рока, был встречен поклонниками традиционного метала довольно холодно. Это стало причиной раскола между вокалистом Михаэлем Киске и остальными участниками группы. В то же время ударник коллектива, Инго Швихтенберг, оказался не в состоянии выступать с Helloween из-за тяжёлой наркотической и алкогольной зависимости. Место певца и барабанщика заняли Энди Дерис и Ули Куш соответственно.
Новый состав коллектива приступил к работе над концептуальным Master of the Rings в 1994 году. В основу записи было положено классическое пауэр-метал звучание Helloween времён дилогии Keeper of the Seven Keys, получившее существенное развитие благодаря новым участникам. «Альбом-возвращение» достиг 6-го места в хит-параде Японии и 23-го — в чарте родной Helloween Германии. Наибольшую популярность получили композиции «Perfect Gentleman», «Where the Rain Grows», «In the Middle of a Heartbeat» и другие. Треклист: Disc 1 1. Irritation (1:14) 2. Sole Survivor (4:33) 3. Where The Rain Grows (4:46) 4. Why? (4:11) 5. Mr Ego (Take Me Down) (7:02) 6. Perfect Gentleman (3:53) 7. The Game Is On (4:40) 8. Secret Alibi (5:49) 9. Take Me Home (4:25) 10. In The Middle Of A Heartbeat (4:30) 11. Still We Go (5:09) Disc 2 1. Grapowski's Malmsuite 1001 (In D-Doll) (6:34) 2. Cold Sweat (3:48) 3. Can't Fight Your Desire (3:45) 4. Closer To Home (8:13) 5. Silicon Dreams (4:11) 6. Star Invasion (4:49) 7. I Stole Your Heart (3:20) Total length: 01:24:52 Andi Deris - Vocals
Michael Weikath - Guitar
Roland Grapow - Guitar / Lead vocals on "Closer to Home"
Markus Grosskopf - Bass
Uli Kusch - drums More information:
Exact Audio Copy V1.0 beta 3 from 29. August 2011 EAC extraction logfile from 28. November 2014, 22:21 Helloween / Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album Used drive : Optiarc DVD RW AD-5280S Adapter: 0 ID: 0 Read mode : Secure Utilize accurate stream : Yes Defeat audio cache : Yes Make use of C2 pointers : No Read offset correction : 48 Overread into Lead-In and Lead-Out : No Fill up missing offset samples with silence : Yes Delete leading and trailing silent blocks : No Null samples used in CRC calculations : Yes Used interface : Native Win32 interface for Win NT & 2000 Gap handling : Appended to previous track Used output format : User Defined Encoder Selected bitrate : 768 kBit/s Quality : High Add ID3 tag : No Command line compressor : C:\Program Files (x86)\Exact Audio Copy\FLAC\FLAC.EXE Additional command line options : -V -8 -T "Genre=%genre%" -T "Artist=%artist%" -T "Title=%title%" -T "Album=%albumtitle%" -T "Date=%year%" -T "Tracknumber=%tracknr%" -T "Comment=%comment%" %source% TOC of the extracted CD Track | Start | Length | Start sector | End sector --------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 0:00.00 | 1:15.42 | 0 | 5666 2 | 1:15.42 | 4:33.23 | 5667 | 26164 3 | 5:48.65 | 4:46.62 | 26165 | 47676 4 | 10:35.52 | 4:11.50 | 47677 | 66551 5 | 14:47.27 | 7:02.73 | 66552 | 98274 6 | 21:50.25 | 3:53.40 | 98275 | 115789 7 | 25:43.65 | 4:40.30 | 115790 | 136819 8 | 30:24.20 | 5:49.40 | 136820 | 163034 9 | 36:13.60 | 4:25.55 | 163035 | 182964 10 | 40:39.40 | 4:30.25 | 182965 | 203239 11 | 45:09.65 | 5:09.22 | 203240 | 226436 Track 1 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\01. Irritation (Weik Etitude 112 In C).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:02.00 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 1.8 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC CD106D00 Copy CRC CD106D00 Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [185CDADB] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 2 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\02. Sole Survivor.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.02 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 2.6 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC CDF109D6 Copy CRC CDF109D6 Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [365B4A93] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 3 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\03. Where The Rain Grows.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 2.6 X Track quality 99.9 % Test CRC E1975872 Copy CRC E1975872 Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [ABBC3AF4] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 4 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\04. Why.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.02 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 2.8 X Track quality 99.9 % Test CRC 2537C8C3 Copy CRC 2537C8C3 Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [A0D450FD] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 5 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\05. Mr Ego (Take Me Down).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.02 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 3.3 X Track quality 99.9 % Test CRC CE2CD2D0 Copy CRC CE2CD2D0 Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [9D576383] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 6 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\06. Perfect Gentleman.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 3.6 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC B76896EF Copy CRC B76896EF Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [F586B0B1] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 7 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\07. The Game Is On.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 3.9 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC 790CA5FD Copy CRC 790CA5FD Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [4B124B43] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 8 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\08. Secret Alibi.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 4.2 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC AFB05D4C Copy CRC AFB05D4C Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [B6E9462B] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 9 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\09. Take Me Home.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 4.3 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC 0376CACD Copy CRC 0376CACD Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [9E5B5B59] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 10 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\10. In The Middle Of A Heartbeat.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 98.7 % Extraction speed 4.5 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC A1F5649F Copy CRC A1F5649F Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [34ED7CB8] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 11 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album\11. Still We Go.wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.03 Peak level 94.1 % Extraction speed 4.7 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC F1CA7426 Copy CRC F1CA7426 Accurately ripped (confidence 9) [039C6B22] (AR v2) Copy OK All tracks accurately ripped No errors occurred End of status report ---- CUETools DB Plugin V2.1.3 [CTDB TOCID: F8N6tbWV7aK1fK61aXd7yWWqACc-] found, Submit result: F8N6tbWV7aK1fK61aXd7yWWqACc- has been confirmed [31517b5c] (166/175) Accurately ripped [af48ce08] (001/175) No match [9e54179c] (001/175) No match [703300bd] (001/175) No match [2561b7ba] (001/175) No match [eeb29e47] (001/175) No match [be7adda0] (001/175) No match [e26a2518] (001/175) No match [7ad30958] (001/175) No match [ac640fb2] (001/175) No match ==== Log checksum C95C8AC6A497A9C4444EAC8DB3E34B00228F7581D476F73B23698A64360D1E23 ====
REM GENRE Metal REM DATE 1994 REM DISCID 8D0BCB0B REM COMMENT "ExactAudioCopy v1.0b3" CATALOG 0602517581395 PERFORMER "Helloween" TITLE "Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album" FILE "01. Irritation (Weik Etitude 112 In C).wav" WAVE TRACK 01 AUDIO TITLE "Irritation (Weik Etitude 112 In C)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500208 INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 02 AUDIO TITLE "Sole Survivor" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500209 INDEX 00 01:15:40 FILE "02. Sole Survivor.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 03 AUDIO TITLE "Where The Rain Grows" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500210 INDEX 00 04:33:20 FILE "03. Where The Rain Grows.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 04 AUDIO TITLE "Why?" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500211 INDEX 00 04:46:60 FILE "04. Why.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 05 AUDIO TITLE "Mr Ego (Take Me Down)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500212 INDEX 00 04:11:48 FILE "05. Mr Ego (Take Me Down).wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 06 AUDIO TITLE "Perfect Gentleman" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500213 INDEX 00 07:02:70 FILE "06. Perfect Gentleman.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 07 AUDIO TITLE "The Game Is On" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500214 INDEX 00 03:53:37 FILE "07. The Game Is On.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 08 AUDIO TITLE "Secret Alibi" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500215 INDEX 00 04:40:27 FILE "08. Secret Alibi.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 09 AUDIO TITLE "Take Me Home" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500216 INDEX 00 05:49:37 FILE "09. Take Me Home.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 10 AUDIO TITLE "In The Middle Of A Heartbeat" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500217 INDEX 00 04:25:52 FILE "10. In The Middle Of A Heartbeat.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 11 AUDIO TITLE "Still We Go" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0500218 INDEX 00 04:30:22 FILE "11. Still We Go.wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00
AUDIOCHECKER v2.0 beta (build 457) - by Dester - opdester@freemail.hu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -=== DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE! ===- Path: ...\CD1 Original Album 01 -=- 01. Irritation (Weik Etitude 112 In C).flac -=- CDDA (100%) 02 -=- 02. Sole Survivor.flac -=- CDDA (99%) 03 -=- 03. Where The Rain Grows.flac -=- CDDA (100%) 04 -=- 04. Why.flac -=- CDDA (100%) 05 -=- 05. Mr Ego (Take Me Down).flac -=- CDDA (100%) 06 -=- 06. Perfect Gentleman.flac -=- CDDA (100%) 07 -=- 07. The Game Is On.flac -=- CDDA (100%) 08 -=- 08. Secret Alibi.flac -=- CDDA (99%) 09 -=- 09. Take Me Home.flac -=- CDDA (100%) 10 -=- 10. In The Middle Of A Heartbeat.flac -=- CDDA (100%) 11 -=- 11. Still We Go.flac -=- CDDA (100%) Summary 99,82% CDDA 153398852
foobar2000 1.3.5 / Замер динамического диапазона (DR) 1.1.1 Дата отчёта: 2015-04-05 01:49:49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Анализ: Helloween / Master Of The Rings CD1 Original Album -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR Пики RMS Продолжительность трека -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR11 -0.11 дБ -16.01 дБ 1:16 01-Irritation (Weik Etitude 112 In C) DR8 -0.11 дБ -9.51 дБ 4:33 02-Sole Survivor DR8 -0.11 дБ -9.49 дБ 4:47 03-Where The Rain Grows DR8 -0.11 дБ -9.65 дБ 4:12 04-Why? DR8 -0.11 дБ -9.71 дБ 7:03 05-Mr Ego (Take Me Down) DR8 -0.11 дБ -10.66 дБ 3:54 06-Perfect Gentleman DR8 -0.11 дБ -8.97 дБ 4:40 07-The Game Is On DR8 -0.11 дБ -9.59 дБ 5:50 08-Secret Alibi DR9 -0.11 дБ -9.81 дБ 4:26 09-Take Me Home DR10 -0.11 дБ -11.79 дБ 4:30 10-In The Middle Of A Heartbeat DR9 -0.52 дБ -10.34 дБ 5:09 11-Still We Go -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Количество треков: 11 Реальные значения DR: DR9 Частота: 44100 Гц Каналов: 2 Разрядность: 16 Битрейт: 1012 кбит/с Кодек: FLAC ================================================================================
Exact Audio Copy V1.0 beta 3 from 29. August 2011 EAC extraction logfile from 28. November 2014, 23:45 Helloween / Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks Used drive : Optiarc DVD RW AD-5280S Adapter: 0 ID: 0 Read mode : Secure Utilize accurate stream : Yes Defeat audio cache : Yes Make use of C2 pointers : No Read offset correction : 48 Overread into Lead-In and Lead-Out : No Fill up missing offset samples with silence : Yes Delete leading and trailing silent blocks : No Null samples used in CRC calculations : Yes Used interface : Native Win32 interface for Win NT & 2000 Gap handling : Appended to previous track Used output format : User Defined Encoder Selected bitrate : 768 kBit/s Quality : High Add ID3 tag : No Command line compressor : C:\Program Files (x86)\Exact Audio Copy\FLAC\FLAC.EXE Additional command line options : -V -8 -T "Genre=%genre%" -T "Artist=%artist%" -T "Title=%title%" -T "Album=%albumtitle%" -T "Date=%year%" -T "Tracknumber=%tracknr%" -T "Comment=%comment%" %source% TOC of the extracted CD Track | Start | Length | Start sector | End sector --------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 0:00.00 | 3:45.49 | 0 | 16923 2 | 3:45.49 | 4:47.45 | 16924 | 38493 3 | 8:33.19 | 3:46.35 | 38494 | 55478 4 | 12:19.54 | 4:10.43 | 55479 | 74271 5 | 16:30.22 | 6:33.21 | 74272 | 103767 6 | 23:03.43 | 3:23.07 | 103768 | 118999 7 | 26:26.50 | 8:14.00 | 119000 | 156049 Track 1 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\01. Can't Fight Your Desire (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:02.00 Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 4.6 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC E29D98C4 Copy CRC E29D98C4 Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [A00A5193] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 2 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\02. Star Invasion (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single).wav Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 5.3 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC C21E7F8C Copy CRC C21E7F8C Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [D1303E6F] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 3 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\03. Cold Sweat (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).wav Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 5.6 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC 2BBAE284 Copy CRC 2BBAE284 Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [C1D678A0] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 4 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\04. Silicon Dreams (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:01.00 Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 6.1 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC DAD20E0F Copy CRC DAD20E0F Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [68507813] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 5 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\05. Grapowski's Malmsuite 1001 (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:00.57 Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 6.9 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC 01D8C373 Copy CRC 01D8C373 Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [6D0D4624] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 6 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\06. I Stole Your Love (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:01.00 Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 6.8 X Track quality 100.0 % Test CRC AB01C573 Copy CRC AB01C573 Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [AA4203F9] (AR v2) Copy OK Track 7 Filename G:\Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks\07. Closer To Home (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single).wav Pre-gap length 0:00:01.00 Peak level 98.8 % Extraction speed 6.5 X Track quality 99.9 % Test CRC 58639E6E Copy CRC 58639E6E Accurately ripped (confidence 6) [37B17DB8] (AR v2) Copy OK All tracks accurately ripped No errors occurred End of status report ---- CUETools DB Plugin V2.1.3 [CTDB TOCID: yqr5r4Er3QntqxHAdBAAp9vwxGE-] found, Submit result: yqr5r4Er3QntqxHAdBAAp9vwxGE- has been confirmed [08130b7c] (13/13) Accurately ripped ==== Log checksum 122FD99DB0353A51BC4135233FB16A747CEB0F5CBCC3032E8EDE41287B47EF67 ====
REM GENRE Metal REM DATE 1994 REM DISCID 5F082007 REM COMMENT "ExactAudioCopy v1.0b3" CATALOG 0602517581401 PERFORMER "Helloween" TITLE "Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks" FILE "01. Can't Fight Your Desire (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single).wav" WAVE TRACK 01 AUDIO TITLE "Can't Fight Your Desire (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0200074 INDEX 01 00:00:00 FILE "02. Star Invasion (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single).wav" WAVE TRACK 02 AUDIO TITLE "Star Invasion (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0200075 INDEX 01 00:00:00 FILE "03. Cold Sweat (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).wav" WAVE TRACK 03 AUDIO TITLE "Cold Sweat (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBAJE0601371 INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 04 AUDIO TITLE "Silicon Dreams (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBAJE0601372 INDEX 00 03:45:35 FILE "04. Silicon Dreams (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 05 AUDIO TITLE "Grapowski's Malmsuite 1001 (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBCYG0200077 INDEX 00 04:09:61 FILE "05. Grapowski's Malmsuite 1001 (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 06 AUDIO TITLE "I Stole Your Love (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBAJE0601373 INDEX 00 06:32:21 FILE "06. I Stole Your Love (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single).wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00 TRACK 07 AUDIO TITLE "Closer To Home (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single)" PERFORMER "Helloween" ISRC GBAJE0601374 INDEX 00 03:22:07 FILE "07. Closer To Home (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single).wav" WAVE INDEX 01 00:00:00
AUDIOCHECKER v2.0 beta (build 457) - by Dester - opdester@freemail.hu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -=== DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE! ===- Path: ...\CD2 Bonus Tracks 01 -=- 01. Can't Fight Your Desire (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single).flac -=- CDDA (100%) 02 -=- 02. Star Invasion (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single).flac -=- CDDA (100%) 03 -=- 03. Cold Sweat (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).flac -=- CDDA (99%) 04 -=- 04. Silicon Dreams (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).flac -=- CDDA (100%) 05 -=- 05. Grapowski's Malmsuite 1001 (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single).flac -=- CDDA (100%) 06 -=- 06. I Stole Your Love (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single).flac -=- CDDA (99%) 07 -=- 07. Closer To Home (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single).flac -=- CDDA (100%) Summary 99,71% CDDA 166508180
foobar2000 1.3.5 / Замер динамического диапазона (DR) 1.1.1 Дата отчёта: 2015-04-05 01:50:08 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Анализ: Helloween / Master Of The Rings CD2 Bonus Tracks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR Пики RMS Продолжительность трека -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR9 -0.10 дБ -10.26 дБ 3:46 01-Can't Fight Your Desire (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single) DR8 -0.10 дБ -9.51 дБ 4:48 02-Star Invasion (taken from the 'Mr Ego' single) DR9 -0.10 дБ -10.21 дБ 3:46 03-Cold Sweat (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single) DR9 -0.10 дБ -10.39 дБ 4:11 04-Silicon Dreams (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single) DR8 -0.10 дБ -11.18 дБ 6:33 05-Grapowski's Malmsuite 1001 (taken from the 'Perfect Gentleman' single) DR8 -0.10 дБ -9.14 дБ 3:23 06-I Stole Your Love (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single) DR9 -0.10 дБ -10.46 дБ 8:14 07-Closer To Home (taken from the 'Sole Survivor' single) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Количество треков: 7 Реальные значения DR: DR9 Частота: 44100 Гц Каналов: 2 Разрядность: 16 Битрейт: 1052 кбит/с Кодек: FLAC ================================================================================